> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://chainedx.gitbook.io/chainedx-protocol/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://chainedx.gitbook.io/chainedx-protocol/9.-chainedx-and-on-chain-gaming/the-hurdles.md).

# The Hurdles

With less than 10% of blockchain games being fully on-chain games, it is evident that there is still a long way to go. The sector has several challenges to address before fully on-chain games gain mainstream adoption.

<mark style="color:yellow;">**Technical Constraints Inhibiting Innovative Game Design**</mark>

Currently, most games exist on EVM chains, but EVM is still not optimal for the deployment of certain types of on-chain games, often resulting in subpar player experience and limited engagement.

<mark style="color:yellow;">**Solidity, being the dominant programming language on EVM chains, is also not conducive for the development of complex games**</mark> as it is not scalable and it often generates costly fees especially for games that come with a large number of transactions. The storage of <mark style="color:yellow;">**large amounts of gaming-related data also adds additional costs**</mark>. In traditional video games, the most common programming languages are C++, Javascript which are favorable for creating games since they are general purpose languages, have high computational performance and a faster time-to-market than Solidity (16) . Solidity, being a programming language tailored for the deployment of smart contracts, also introduces a barrier to entry for developers who are more comfortable with traditional programming languages.

Blockchain fundamental design is also different, with state updates every block time. Game state updates, however, are executed via a tick-based system. <mark style="color:yellow;">**A tick is a snapshot in time recording all the properties of all objects in the game world.**</mark> Tickrate refers to the number of times the game state is being updated and broadcasted every second. As a result, this might introduce a higher latency rate which might not be optimal for certain games such as the likes of FPS, MMORPG or high tickrate games. Fortunately, we are already seeing healthy developments by <mark style="color:yellow;">**Argus Labs and Curio in introducing tickrate to the chain level to address this limitation.**</mark>

<mark style="color:yellow;">**User Experience**</mark>&#x20;

<mark style="color:yellow;">**In order to onboard the masses, improvements in user experience should be developers’ key priority.**</mark> The need to create a web3 wallet, load it with the blockchain’s native gas tokens and submit transaction approval for every action introduces an added layer of complexity and inconvenience that prevent gamers from having a seamless gaming experience, leading to low retention rate consequently. However, as technology advances with the rollout of <mark style="color:yellow;">account abstraction (AA) technology such as Cartridge Controller by Cartridge that enables a one-time pre-approval of applications for a seamless experience</mark>, poor UI/UX would eventually be a thing of the past.

<mark style="color:yellow;">**Fragmented Gaming Ecosystem**</mark>&#x20;

Today’s on-chain gaming still remains <mark style="color:yellow;">**fragmented as players are unable to bring their digital assets outside of its ecosystem into other realms of on-chain gaming.**</mark> Players are compelled to use different wallets for different games leading to inconvenience. This limits the potential synergy that could potentially be extracted if these games were interoperable with each other, think the ability to move digital assets from between games of the same category. However, we are seeing progress as MUD, an on-chain gaming engine, provides a universal interface through the use of standardized data model that allows anyone to easily deploy system smart contracts to implement interoperable behavior.

<mark style="color:yellow;">**AI Bots**</mark>&#x20;

On-chain games can be overwhelmed with bots as players seek to cheat the system. <mark style="color:yellow;">**Therefore, it remains a challenge for on-chain games to differentiate between bots and real players and rewarding only active players in the game.**</mark> Developers need to build games that are protected against bot metas and sybil collusion to prevent negative gaming experience among genuine gamers. Fortunately, some games such as Shrapnel are showing promising progress in this area. Shrapnel is partnering with Anybrain to build models that are able to detect fraudulent behavior such as the use of aimbots.


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